Raspberry Pi Servo Jitter

Here’s the final solution I came up with to finally get a servo motor to behave on a Pi. It may not seem like much but it took a lot of doing to gather all the right bits. This was tested with an SG90, SG92R, and an MG90S on a Pi Zero.

Scroll straight to the end for the solution.

The most common way for controlling a servo motor on a Pi with is through RPi.GPIO as such:

#!/usr/bin/python3
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

servo = 23

GPIO.setmode( GPIO.BCM )
GPIO.setup( servo, GPIO.OUT )

# info on frequency and PWM formula at https://rpi.science.uoit.ca/lab/servo/
pwm = GPIO.PWM( servo, 50 )
pwm.start( 2.5 )

print( "0 deg" )
pwm.ChangeDutyCycle( 2.5 )  # turn towards 0 degree
time.sleep( 3 )

print( "90 deg" )
pwm.ChangeDutyCycle( 7.5 )  # turn towards 90 degree
time.sleep( 3 )

print( "180 deg" )
pwm.ChangeDutyCycle( 12.5 ) # turn towards 180 degree
time.sleep( 3 )

pwm.stop()
GPIO.cleanup()

Stuff you might need for this to run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python3-rpi.gpio

It results in super jitter which is unacceptable for the holy mission of pen plotting.

As far as I understand, the jitter comes from the wave form RPi.GPIO produces for Pulse Width Modulation, which is made in software and so it’s not super stable (no dedicated resources to build it). From what I gather, pigpio is programmed to tap into the one hardware PWM that Pis have.

The solution thus is as such:

#!/usr/bin/python3
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import pigpio
import time

servo = 23

# more info at http://abyz.me.uk/rpi/pigpio/python.html#set_servo_pulsewidth

pwm = pigpio.pi()
pwm.set_mode(servo, pigpio.OUTPUT)

pwm.set_PWM_frequency( servo, 50 )

print( "0 deg" )
pwm.set_servo_pulsewidth( servo, 500 ) ;
time.sleep( 3 )

print( "90 deg" )
pwm.set_servo_pulsewidth( servo, 1500 ) ;
time.sleep( 3 )

print( "180 deg" )
pwm.set_servo_pulsewidth( servo, 2500 ) ;
time.sleep( 3 )

# turning off servo
pwm.set_PWM_dutycycle( servo, 0 )
pwm.set_PWM_frequency( servo, 0 )

Stuff you might need for this to run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python3-pigpio
sudo pigpiod

And the resulting super smooth motion and holds: